Oamenii de stiinta de la Universitatea din Maryland, SUA, au descoperit „structuri extinse” in adancul Pamantului, la aproape 3000 de km de suprafata.
Cercetatorii au analizat mii de inregistrari ale undelor seismice, cu ajutorul carora au descoperit aceste structuri formate din roca densa si fierbinte, aflate la limita dintre nucleu si mantaua interna a Pamantului.
„Analizand mii de ecouri simultan, in loc sa ne concentram doar pe cateva, asa cum se intampla de obicei, am obtinut o perspectiva cu totul noua. Acest lucru ne arata ca zona dintre nucleu si mantaua interna are o multime de structuri care pot produce aceste ecouri, lucru pe care nu l-am realizat pana acum”, a declarat Doyeon Kim, autorul principal al lucrarii, publicata in revista Science.
Cutremurele genereaza unde seismice subterane, care se pot propaga la mii de kilometri distanta. Cand undele intalnesc modificari in densitatea, temperatura sau compozitia rocilor, acestea isi schimba viteza, isi curbeaza traiectoria sau se disperseaza, producand ecouri care pot fi detectate de cercetatori.
Masurand timpul de deplasare si amplitudinea acestor ecouri, pe masura ce ele sunt detectate de seismometre, oamenii de stiinta pot dezvolta modele ale proprietatilor fizice ale rocilor aflate in subteran.
Astfel, cercetatorii au analizat 7000 de seismograme ale unor cutremure cu o magnitudine de cel putin 6,5, ce au avut loc in bazinul Oceanului Pacific, intre 1990 si 2018. Acestia au observat un numar mare de unde seisme specifice, numite unde forfetare, care au scos la iveala structuri surprinzatoare aproape de mantaua pamantului.
Cu ajutorul acestor unde, cercetatorii au descoperit structuri surprinzatoare aproape de mantaua Pamantului, numite zone de viteza ultra-joasa, sub Hawaii si Insulele Marchize. Aceste structuri formate dintr-un material foarte dens si fierbinte, sunt de obicei prezente in zonele in care exista vulcani si sunt cele care insulele vulcanice. Zona de viteza ultra-joasa de sub Hawaii este cea mai mare dintre cele descoperite pana acum de cercetatori.
Oamenii de stiinta spun ca nu cunosc exact compozitia acestor structuri, insa acest studiu ii va ajuta sa inteleaga mai bine procesele geologice care au loc in adancul Pamantului.

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